Lambar Shafin
fa73724
Lambar Bayani
98598
Takaitacciyar Tambaya
Yaya nau’ikan shiga jiki da hadewa a mahangar irfani, da kalam da hikimar muslunci suke?
SWALI
Menene mahangar arifan muslunci (ba a mahangar sufaye ba) game da nau’o’in shiga jiki da hadewa?
Amsa a Dunkule
Bayani kan menene (hulul) shiga jiki da ittihadi (hadewa) hulul a harshen larabci ya samo asali daga kalmar halla da ma’anar sauka[1] amma Kalmar ittihad ita kuma tana da ma’anar abubuwa biyu su hade su zama abu guda daya[2]
Kashe kashen hululi da Ittihad:
A mahangar malaman ilimin kalam hululi yana da kashe-kashe wanda zamu yi ishara zuwa ga ba’arinsu. dddd
1- Hululi taba’i, (mamaya ko shiga da ke biyowa): ma'anarsa shi ne mamaye wani abu a wani waje da ya sauka da yake akwai wani da yake kasantacce a wajen, misalin kamar a zuba ruwa cikin buta wanda shi wannan ruwa ko yaushe yana kasancewa a mahallin wannan butar, ma'ana mahallin ruwa yana biye da samuwar mahallin buta.[3]
2- Hululi na'ati- wasafi: (na siffatuwa) ma'ana wani nau'i da yake dogaro da wani mai samar da siffa, misali tsayuwa dangane da zaidu ya dogara da siffar da zaidu ya samar, da ma'anar a hakika ya dogara da zaidu, yana samar masa da siffar tsayuwa. [4]
Sai dai cewa hululi wasfi yanda kashe-kashe misalin hululi cikin abu mai bigire da hulu cikin abu mara bigire.
2. 1- Hululi cikin abu mara bigire kamar hululin siffar cikinsa kamar misalin siffar kudura da ilimi wadanda suka kebantu da dangantuwa da siffar Allah Ta'ala saboda sun jingina da ubangiji kuma suna kera masa siffar masani mai iko da wannan bayani da misali zamu san cewa Allah madaukaki shi ne mahallin saukar dukkanin siffofinsa sai dai shi fa bai da bigire kwata - kwata ya tsarkaka daga bigire.
2. 2- Amma hululi cikin abu mai bigire musammam bijirarru cikar bijirowa kamar misalin launi kaloli, suna sauka cikin abubuwa masu jiki, alamar hululi cikin ma'abocin bigire shi ne cewa ishara ce zuwa ga mai sauka da kuma wanda ake sauka cikinsa, kamar misalin ishara ga madara da farinta da kuma kishiyar hakan[5]
Bugu da kari sun kara kasa hululi cikin ma'abocin bigire zuwa kashi biyu mai yaduwa da wanada ba ya yaduwa.
2. 2. 1- Hululi mai yaduwa yanda daga kason wanda mahalli wanda ya siffantu da zuwa ga kason mai sauka, ta wannan fuska karkasuwa mahalli na haifar da karkasuwa mai sauka kan mahalli, misalin hululin launi a kan jiki wanda sakamakon karkasuwar gangar jiki shi ma yana karkasuwa saboda ko wanne kaso daga jiki ya siffantu da wani kaso daga launin da ya sauka kansa.
2. 2. 2- A cikin hululi da bai yaduwa shi mai sauka a wani bangare ne daga matattarar inda yake sauka ba wai wata siffa daga bangarorin cikin gida ba saboda haka mai sauka bai karkasuwa sakamkon kasuwar mahallin da ya sauka, kamar misalin saukar wani digo kan mikakken layi ko kuma jiki wanda bai karkasuwa sakamakon kasuwar mahallin da ya sauka.
Wani ba'ari daga masana sun tafi kan cewa mara yaduwa sakamakon lazimtar tsayuwa daya ta dogaro da masu yawa, suna ganin mahallin cikin ma'abocin bigire ya takaitu cikin hululi mai yaduwa.[6]
Mahangar malaman ilimin kalam cikin babin ittihadi
Cikin babin ittihad galibin malaman ilimin kalam sun tafi kan cewa wai abubuwa biyu su sauya su zama abu guda daya abu ne da ba zai taba yiwuwa ba, sannan suna ganin hakan yana daga cikin bayyananne abu saukakakke ga kowa ba shi bukatar kawo dalili kan karyata shi, saboda shi ittihadi na hakika a abu guda biyu ake samunsa wanda suka saba a zati, sannan ba kuma abu ne da za ya karbi ghushewa ba, kai a asasi ma, ba ma zai iya yiwuwa ayi tunanin cewa abu guda biyu su koma daya ba domin haka tanakudi[7] ne.
Wasu kuma daga cikinsu wasu sun kafa dalili kan hadewar abubuwa guda su zama daya da cewa bai fita daga kaddarwa uku: Na farko dai shi ne ko dai su duka biyun su zamanto suna da samuwa, na biyu ko kuma duka biyu su zamanto sun bace samuwarsu ta kau, na uku ko kuma daya ya wanzu samamme daya kuma ya bace a rasa shi.
Sai dai kuma babu daya daga wannan surori da aka kaddarwa da take da samuwa a cikin ittihadi na hakika, saboda fuska ta farko dai ba abu daya muke gani ba, abubuwa biyun ne dai suka wanzu da samuwa, a cikin fuska ta biyu dukkanin abubuwa ba su da samuwa a asali, saboda ittihadi bai yiwuwa cikinsu, sai fuska ta uku wanda daya samamme daya kuma rasashshe samamme da abin da babu ba za su taba haduwa ba.[8]
Mas'alar hululi da ittihadi daga rubutun masana falsafa da arifan muslunci.
Masana falsafa musulmi su ma sun yi watsi da hululi da ittihadi cikin Allah,[9] ka dai suna ganin yiwuwa yin fana'i cikin zatin Allah wato mutum ya zamanto ya manta da kansa babu abin da yake iya tunawa sai zatin Allah. Saboda dayantawa hakkin Allah ne na hakika wanda ba ya karbar biyuntuwa, daidai lokacin shi hululi da ittihadi na lazimtar biyuntuwa cikin asalin samuwa.
Litattafan matanin irfani an bijiro da bahasin hululi da ittihadi, wani ba'ari daga arifai duk da cewa sun yi ishara kan cudanyar lahutiya da nasutiya cikin mutum kamar misalin cudanyar ruwa da giya barasa.[10] Amma wasu ba'arin kuma sun ja kunne da cewa bai kamata ayi kuskuren yin kiyasin ko auna wannan akida da hulili da ittihadi ba,[11] ma'ana dai gaba dayan littafan irfani sun yi wurgi da watsi da akidar hululi da ittihadi, alal misali ibn arabi a lokuta da daman gaske cikin littafinsa futuhat makkiya ya yi wurgi da watsi da maganar cewa wani bil Adam zai yi hululin cikin zatin Allah matsarkaki.[12] A mahangar masana irfani misalin ibn Arabi da misalin kaisari da ibn tarak isfahani da jami sun tafi kan cewa lalli shi hululi yana lazimta biyunta, sai dai cewa tun da shi Allah ya dayanta shi ne samuwar daya tsantsa wanda wani abu da yake ba bangare ne daga hakikaninsa ba, a kwai yiyuwa ya zama ya kasance yana gudana a cikin baki dayan halittu.[13] Kai a asali ma biyunta ba ta da samuwa ballantana ayi magana hululi da ittihadi, bari dai dayanta kadai ke da hukuma a nan.[14]
Duk da da cewa kuma a wasu littafan arifai sun karbi ittihadi da ma'anar fana'i wato narkewar bawa cikin samuwar matsarkaki, ko kuma ace saduwar masoyi da wanda yake so. Sai dai cewa kamar yadda wasu suka yi bayani da cewa abin da ake nufi da ittihadi shi ne tunawa wanda wannan ba ya nufin ittihadi na hakika bam balle ma abin da ake nufi shi ne ittihadi na (majazi) na aro ban a hakika ba.[15]
Kashe kashen hululi da Ittihad:
A mahangar malaman ilimin kalam hululi yana da kashe-kashe wanda zamu yi ishara zuwa ga ba’arinsu. dddd
1- Hululi taba’i, (mamaya ko shiga da ke biyowa): ma'anarsa shi ne mamaye wani abu a wani waje da ya sauka da yake akwai wani da yake kasantacce a wajen, misalin kamar a zuba ruwa cikin buta wanda shi wannan ruwa ko yaushe yana kasancewa a mahallin wannan butar, ma'ana mahallin ruwa yana biye da samuwar mahallin buta.[3]
2- Hululi na'ati- wasafi: (na siffatuwa) ma'ana wani nau'i da yake dogaro da wani mai samar da siffa, misali tsayuwa dangane da zaidu ya dogara da siffar da zaidu ya samar, da ma'anar a hakika ya dogara da zaidu, yana samar masa da siffar tsayuwa. [4]
Sai dai cewa hululi wasfi yanda kashe-kashe misalin hululi cikin abu mai bigire da hulu cikin abu mara bigire.
2. 1- Hululi cikin abu mara bigire kamar hululin siffar cikinsa kamar misalin siffar kudura da ilimi wadanda suka kebantu da dangantuwa da siffar Allah Ta'ala saboda sun jingina da ubangiji kuma suna kera masa siffar masani mai iko da wannan bayani da misali zamu san cewa Allah madaukaki shi ne mahallin saukar dukkanin siffofinsa sai dai shi fa bai da bigire kwata - kwata ya tsarkaka daga bigire.
2. 2- Amma hululi cikin abu mai bigire musammam bijirarru cikar bijirowa kamar misalin launi kaloli, suna sauka cikin abubuwa masu jiki, alamar hululi cikin ma'abocin bigire shi ne cewa ishara ce zuwa ga mai sauka da kuma wanda ake sauka cikinsa, kamar misalin ishara ga madara da farinta da kuma kishiyar hakan[5]
Bugu da kari sun kara kasa hululi cikin ma'abocin bigire zuwa kashi biyu mai yaduwa da wanada ba ya yaduwa.
2. 2. 1- Hululi mai yaduwa yanda daga kason wanda mahalli wanda ya siffantu da zuwa ga kason mai sauka, ta wannan fuska karkasuwa mahalli na haifar da karkasuwa mai sauka kan mahalli, misalin hululin launi a kan jiki wanda sakamakon karkasuwar gangar jiki shi ma yana karkasuwa saboda ko wanne kaso daga jiki ya siffantu da wani kaso daga launin da ya sauka kansa.
2. 2. 2- A cikin hululi da bai yaduwa shi mai sauka a wani bangare ne daga matattarar inda yake sauka ba wai wata siffa daga bangarorin cikin gida ba saboda haka mai sauka bai karkasuwa sakamkon kasuwar mahallin da ya sauka, kamar misalin saukar wani digo kan mikakken layi ko kuma jiki wanda bai karkasuwa sakamakon kasuwar mahallin da ya sauka.
Wani ba'ari daga masana sun tafi kan cewa mara yaduwa sakamakon lazimtar tsayuwa daya ta dogaro da masu yawa, suna ganin mahallin cikin ma'abocin bigire ya takaitu cikin hululi mai yaduwa.[6]
Mahangar malaman ilimin kalam cikin babin ittihadi
Cikin babin ittihad galibin malaman ilimin kalam sun tafi kan cewa wai abubuwa biyu su sauya su zama abu guda daya abu ne da ba zai taba yiwuwa ba, sannan suna ganin hakan yana daga cikin bayyananne abu saukakakke ga kowa ba shi bukatar kawo dalili kan karyata shi, saboda shi ittihadi na hakika a abu guda biyu ake samunsa wanda suka saba a zati, sannan ba kuma abu ne da za ya karbi ghushewa ba, kai a asasi ma, ba ma zai iya yiwuwa ayi tunanin cewa abu guda biyu su koma daya ba domin haka tanakudi[7] ne.
Wasu kuma daga cikinsu wasu sun kafa dalili kan hadewar abubuwa guda su zama daya da cewa bai fita daga kaddarwa uku: Na farko dai shi ne ko dai su duka biyun su zamanto suna da samuwa, na biyu ko kuma duka biyu su zamanto sun bace samuwarsu ta kau, na uku ko kuma daya ya wanzu samamme daya kuma ya bace a rasa shi.
Sai dai kuma babu daya daga wannan surori da aka kaddarwa da take da samuwa a cikin ittihadi na hakika, saboda fuska ta farko dai ba abu daya muke gani ba, abubuwa biyun ne dai suka wanzu da samuwa, a cikin fuska ta biyu dukkanin abubuwa ba su da samuwa a asali, saboda ittihadi bai yiwuwa cikinsu, sai fuska ta uku wanda daya samamme daya kuma rasashshe samamme da abin da babu ba za su taba haduwa ba.[8]
Mas'alar hululi da ittihadi daga rubutun masana falsafa da arifan muslunci.
Masana falsafa musulmi su ma sun yi watsi da hululi da ittihadi cikin Allah,[9] ka dai suna ganin yiwuwa yin fana'i cikin zatin Allah wato mutum ya zamanto ya manta da kansa babu abin da yake iya tunawa sai zatin Allah. Saboda dayantawa hakkin Allah ne na hakika wanda ba ya karbar biyuntuwa, daidai lokacin shi hululi da ittihadi na lazimtar biyuntuwa cikin asalin samuwa.
Litattafan matanin irfani an bijiro da bahasin hululi da ittihadi, wani ba'ari daga arifai duk da cewa sun yi ishara kan cudanyar lahutiya da nasutiya cikin mutum kamar misalin cudanyar ruwa da giya barasa.[10] Amma wasu ba'arin kuma sun ja kunne da cewa bai kamata ayi kuskuren yin kiyasin ko auna wannan akida da hulili da ittihadi ba,[11] ma'ana dai gaba dayan littafan irfani sun yi wurgi da watsi da akidar hululi da ittihadi, alal misali ibn arabi a lokuta da daman gaske cikin littafinsa futuhat makkiya ya yi wurgi da watsi da maganar cewa wani bil Adam zai yi hululin cikin zatin Allah matsarkaki.[12] A mahangar masana irfani misalin ibn Arabi da misalin kaisari da ibn tarak isfahani da jami sun tafi kan cewa lalli shi hululi yana lazimta biyunta, sai dai cewa tun da shi Allah ya dayanta shi ne samuwar daya tsantsa wanda wani abu da yake ba bangare ne daga hakikaninsa ba, a kwai yiyuwa ya zama ya kasance yana gudana a cikin baki dayan halittu.[13] Kai a asali ma biyunta ba ta da samuwa ballantana ayi magana hululi da ittihadi, bari dai dayanta kadai ke da hukuma a nan.[14]
Duk da da cewa kuma a wasu littafan arifai sun karbi ittihadi da ma'anar fana'i wato narkewar bawa cikin samuwar matsarkaki, ko kuma ace saduwar masoyi da wanda yake so. Sai dai cewa kamar yadda wasu suka yi bayani da cewa abin da ake nufi da ittihadi shi ne tunawa wanda wannan ba ya nufin ittihadi na hakika bam balle ma abin da ake nufi shi ne ittihadi na (majazi) na aro ban a hakika ba.[15]
[1] Azhari muhammdu ibn ahmad tahzib juz 3 sh 280 kar akshin Kalmar halli bugun bairut darul ihya’u turasu arabi bugun farko a sheakara ta 1421. ibn munzir muhammadu ibn mukrim a cikin lisanul arab juz 11 sh 164 bugun bairut darul sad ir shekara 1414 bugu na uku
Bahraini juz 3 sh 156 bugun taharan murtazawi bugu na uku shekara 1375 hijra shamsiyya.
[2] Duraihi fakru ibn Muhammad a cikin majm’au; Maj’ma’al baharaini, j 3 shafi na 156, Tehran, murtadhawi, bugu na uku 1375 hijra shamsiyya.
[2] Duraihi fakru ibn Muhammad a cikin majm’au; Maj’ma’al baharaini, j 3 shafi na 156, Tehran, murtadhawi, bugu na uku 1375 hijra shamsiyya.
[3] Fakhru al-razi, Muhammad dan umar, kitabul mabahisil mushrika, fi ilmil ilaahiyyat, wal- dabi’ah, j 1 shafi na 154, kum, mabugar afset, 1411, hijira kamariyya.
[4] Sharh mawakif ali ibn mohd jurjani misra bugun mohd badarul dini na'asani halabi shekara 1907 miladiya
[5] Lawami'u ilahiyya fi mabahisul kalamiyya jiz 1 sh 16 fadil mikdad ibn Abdullah mabugar daftarul tablig kum shekara ta 1380 shm
[6] Adudin iji abdur rahman ibn ahmad cikin shar h mawakif juz 1 sh 106-107 bugun bairut alamul kutub.
[7] Tanakudhi shi ne kullawa da warwarewa a lokaci buda kamar kace; zaidu ya zo kuma bai zo ba.
[8] Dusi mohd ibhn hassan cikin littafin tamhid fi ilmul kalam juz 1 sh 96 bugun taharan bugun abdul muhsin mishkatul dini shekara ta 1362. Kashful murad fi sharhi tajridil I'itikad juz 1 sh 407 mu'assastul nashrul islami shekara ta 1407 kamariya
[9] Majmu'u asar husaini ibn mansur hallaj juz 1 sh 315 bugun taharan fihirisat shekara 1119 shmasiyya
[10] Hikimatul muta'aliya fi asafarul akaliyya arba'a muhammadu ibn Ibrahim sadrul dini shirazi juz 1 sh 110-118 bugun taharn wizaratu farhangi wa irshad islami shekara 1386 shamsiyya.
Fi sharh ta'iyyatu ibn farid juz 1 sh 271-280 mabugar daftarul tabligat islami kum sekara 1379.[11] Masharikul durari
[12] Bugun bairut darul sadir bita Futuhatul makkiya ibn arabi juz 2 sh 54
[13] Tajalliyat ilhiya ibn arabi juz 1 sh 467-468
[14] Sayit tambaya mai lamba 4639 wahadat wujud
Danesh name jahani islami da'iratu ma'arif islami bar girafteh az makaleh ittihadu wa hululi