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Ranar Isar da Sako: 2019/06/15
Takaitacciyar Tambaya
ya rayuwar Abuddarda” da kasance? mene ne Mahangar ahlul baiti a kan shi? Mine ne hukuncin ruwayoyin da a ka rawaito daga gare shi?
SWALI
ya rayuwar Abuddarda” da kasance? mene ne Mahangar ahlul baiti a kan shi? Mine ne hukuncin ruwayoyin da a ka rawaito daga gare shi?
Amsa a Dunkule

{uwaimar dan malik} wanda ya shahara da alkunyar abuddarda”dan asalin kabilar khazraj yana daga cikin sahabban manzon Allah (s.a.w). yana daya daga cikin mutanen khazjar da suke rayuwa a madina ya shiga musulunci bayan zuwan manzon Allah (s.a.w) madina da wasu yan watanni.
Abuddarda”yana fifita imam Ali (a.s) a kan mu”awiya,yaje wajan mu”awiya dare da abuhurera sai ya kira mu”awiya a kan yima imam Ali (a.s) biyayya, amma lokacin da mu”wiya ya fake da batun kashe usman ya kuma bukaci imam Ali (a.s) da ya bashi makasa usman, sai ya tura abuddarda”da abuhurera zuwa ga imam Ali (a.s) domin su bukaci makasan usman daga imam (a.s) mu”awiya ya yi haka ne domin yi ki amsa kiran da suka yi mashi na da”a ga imam (a.s) .
Hakanan suka yi sukaje wajan imam Ali (a.s) amma sai suka hadu da malik ashtari wanda ya zarge su kuma ya hana su ganin imam (a.s). a rana ta biyu sai suka je wajan imam (a.s)  suka bukaci makasan usman, sai suka samu sama da mutun dubu goma wadan da suke ganin sune makasa usman. Sai suka koma garuruwan su tare da yanke kauna sai suka zamu abun zargi a gun Abdurrahman bin usman.
ta kowane hali dai matakin da ya dauka a kan hukumar gaskiya yana cikin mutanen da imam (a.s)  yace {su basu taimaki gaskiya ba su kuma ba su kaskantar da karya ba}.
Ruwayoyin shi sun zo a cikin litatafen ahlussuna da na shi”a wadan da ya rawaito daga manzon  Allah (s.a.w) .
A kwai bam bancin mahanga a tsakanin maluman tariha dan gane da mutuwar shi, wasu sun ce ya mutu bayan yakin siffin[i] wasu kuma suna ganin ya mutu shekaru biyu kafin kasha usman.

 

[i] Ibin hajar, ahmad bin ali bin hajar al”asgalani, al”isabat fi tamizlsahabat, mujaladi na hudu shafi na 622, berut, darulkitab al”ilmiyat, 1415.k
Amsa Dalla-dalla

{Umaira dan malik} wanda ya shahara da alkunyar abuddarda”dan asalin kabilar khazraj[1] yana daga[2] cikin sahabban manzon Allah (s.a.w). yana daya daga cikin mutanen khazjar da suke rayuwa a madina ya shiga addinin  musulunci. Yan da abuddarda”ya karbi musulunci wata rana {abdullahi bin rawah} wanda abuddarda”yake daukar shi a matsayin dan uwan shi ya je gidan abuddarda” sai bin rawah ya dauki gatari ya fara sare gumakan abuddarda”a lokaci guda kuma yana rera wanan baitin:{ ku kuji sunayen shedan da duk wani abun da a ke bauta ba Allah bata ne}. a lokacin da abuddarda”ya dawo gida, sai matar shi ta sanar da shi abunda bin rawah ya aikata; bayan tsawon lokaci abuddarda”yana tunani sai yace: in da wanan gunkin na da alkhairi da yaba kan shi kariya. da ga karshe abuddarda”tare da Abdullah bin rawah suka je wurin manzon Allah (s.a.w) ya kuma amshi musulumcin[3]. Koda yake farkon zuwan manzon Allah a madina abuddarda”bai shiga musulumci ba sai bayan yan watanni, yaje ya amshi addini daga ma aiki (s.a.w). wasu masana tarihi na ganin cewa yakin khandak da yakokin da suka auku bayan shi, abuddarda”bai halarta ba saboda a lokacin bai shiga musulumci ba. [4]
A wani yaki manzon Allah (s.a.w)  ya yima abuddarda”kuka yana cewa:{wanan uwaimar yana da matukar alheri}.[5]
Bayan wanan ruwayar, ahlussunna suna da ruwayoyin da suke nuni cewa manzon Allah (s.a.w) ya yabi abuddarda” daya daga cikan su ance manzon Allah (s.a.w)  yace abuddarda”shine mafi hikima acikin aluma[6]
An kuma rawaito cewa manzon Allah (s.a.w)  ya hada yan uwan taka tsakanin abuddarda”da salman farisi a matsayan yan uwa na addini[7]. Alaka a tsakanin su ta cigaba har zuwa lokacin da abuddarda”ya koma siria shi kuma salman na irak sai suka yi musayan wasika ya rubuta masa: ubangiji ya ba ni dukiya da da a nan, kuma na sauka kasa mai tsarki.
Sai salman ya ba shi amsa cewa: ka rubuto mini cewa kana da dukiya da da, ka sani arzuta ba da dukiya da da ba ne.
Abu darda” ya kasance a madina har zuwa lokacin halifa na biyu har zuwa lokacin da halifa na biyu ya bayar da umarnin wani aiki sai ya fita daga madina ya tafi siriya, halifa na biyu ya dora masa nauyin alhakin yin hukunci da yin limancin salla a kasar siriya[8].
A lokacin da abuddarda” ya zama alkali mutane sun kasance suna yi masa albishir, shi kuma sai ya ce: ku yanzu kuna yi min albishir da yin alkalanci, alhalin ni yanzu na kasance a kan wurin hadari wanda ya fi nisan tsakanin nan da garin adan[9]. Da mutanen sun san abin da yake cikin alkalanci na wahalhalu saboda kiyayya da sun nisanta kansu da shi, da kuma sun san abin da yake cikin kiran salla na lada da sun yi rigima da junansu saboda kwadayin ladansa[10].
Abuddarda” wanda yake ganin fifikon imam Ali (a.s) kan mua”awiya
Abuddarda”yana fifita imam Ali (a.s) a kan mu”awiya,yaje wajan mu”awiya dare da abuhurera sai ya kira mu”awiya a kan yima imam Ali (a.s) biyayya, amma lokacin da mu”wiya ya fake da batun kasha usman ya kuma bukaci imam Ali (a.s) da ya bashi makasa usman, sai ya tura abuddarda”da abuhurera zuwa ga imam Ali (a.s) domin su bukaci makasan usman daga imam (a.s) mu”awiya ya yi haka ne domin yi ki amsa kiran da suka yi mashi na da”a ga imam (a.s) .
Hakanan suka yi sukaje wajan imam Ali (a.s) amma sai suka hadu da malik ashtari wanda ya zarge su kuma ya hana su ganin imam (a.s). a rana ta biyu sai suka je wajan imam (a.s)  suka bukaci makasan usman, sai suka samu sama da mutun dubu goma wadan da suke ganin sune makasa usman. Sai suka koma garuruwan su tare da yanke kauna sai suka zamo abun zargi a gun Abdurrahman bin usman[11]. Ko da yake wannan labarin bisa fadin cewa mutuwar abuddarda” ta kasance ne bayan siffin, amma bisa cewa wasu masu tarihin sun kawo cewa kafin hukumar imam Ali (a.s) ne ya rasu, to wannan labarin ba zai zama karbabbe ba.
Ta kowane hali dai, matsayinsa game da hukumar imam Ali (a.s) muna iya cewa ya kasance daga cikin wadanda imam Ali (a.s) yake fada game da su cewa;  su basu taimaki gaskiay ba, su kuma basu kaskantar da barna ba[12].
Haka nan wasu ruwayoyi sun zo daga littattafan hadisan shi”a kamar na, sheikh Dusi a littafin Khilaf, an kuma karbo fatawa da ruwayoyi daga gare shi kan hakan[13].
Akwai sabani game da mutuwar abuddarda”, wasu suna ganin ya mutu bayan siffin[14], wasu kuwa suna ganin ya mutu ne shekara biyu kafin mutuwar usman[15].

 

[1] Uwaimar bin malik bin zaid bin kais bin amit bin amir bin adi bin ka”ab bin allkhazjar bin haris bin alkhazjar.
[2] .Alhasimi albasir, Muhammad bin sa”id bin muni”i, altabakatulkubura, mujaladi na bakwai shafi na 274, abdulkadir ata, Muhammad, darulkutul ilmiyat, berut, 1990/1410: husaini  tafrishi, sayid Mustafa ,nagadlrijal. Mu” asasar ahlubaiti  (a.s)  kum, bugu na farko 1418 k. Koda yake wasu sunce sunan shi amir ba uwaimar ba da ga cikin litafan a kwai ibin asir, abulhasan Ali bin Muhammad ,asadlkayat fi marifatulsahabat, kahbashf  mujaladi na hudu shafi 18, berut, darulfikr 1409 k.
[3] .Altabakatulkubura, mujaladi na bakwai shafi na 274_275.
[4]Abu umar yusuf bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin abdulbar,al”istiab fi marifatulsahab ,mujaladi na uku, shafi na 1228, daruljil,berut,1412_1992.
[5] .Altabagatulkubura, mujaladi na bakwai shafi na 274.
[6]. Asadlgaya, mujaladi na biyar shafi na 97..
[7] A bunda ya gabata, mujaladi na biyu, shafi 268.sh
[8] .ilazari ahmad bin yahaya,futulbuldan, shafi na 204, wanda ya fasara: tawakul, Muhammad ,tehrani, yadawar nukre,1337 sh:w .r.k altabaktulkubura, mujaladi na bakwai, shafi 275.
[9]Daya daga cikin garuruwan kasar yaman.
[10] Altabakatulkubura, mujaladi na bakwai shafi na 275.
[11] Ibin kutaiba dinuri abu Muhammad Abdullah bin muslim al”imamat wal siyasiyat  wanda a kasa ni da tarihin khulafa mujaladi na daya shafi na 128 rubutawar :shiri,ali, berut, darulauza, 1410.
[12] . {bai taimaki gaskiya ba bai kuma tozarta karya ba} imam ali a.s nahjulbalaga  wanda ya kirkiro  sayid  razi wanda ya adita atardi, azizullah, shafi na 461 mu assar nahajulbalaga, bijo bugu na daya 1372,sh.
[13] Sheikh tusi, alkhilaf,mujaladi 1,shafi 376: shafi380 mujaladi 2,shafi 168 da…mai yadawa jame mudarrisin kum, bugu na farko, 1407.k.
 
 
[14] . Ibn hajar asqalani, ahmad ali , alísaba fi tamyizis sahaba, j 4, s 622, bairut, darul kutubul ilmiyya, 1415 h.
[15] . Usudul gaba: j 4, s 20.
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